Cand stati mult peste program la serviciu, ganditi-va ca, acum mai bine de 130 de ani, mii si mii de oameni au luptat pentru ziua de lucru de opt ore, tocmai pentru a ne bucura de un regim sanatos de viata: opt ore munca, opt ore odihna activa, opt ore somn.
Ziua de 1 mai este numita si ziua internationala a muncitorilor sau Ziua Muncii si este sarbatorita in intreaga lume. Ziua Muncii reprezinta nu numai o zi de odihna, ci o recunoastere internationala a demnitatii si drepturilor muncitorilor din intreaga lume.
In principal, Ziua Muncii sarbatoreste ziua de lucru de opt ore, o victorie extrem de importanta pentru muncitorii de la mijlocul secolului al XiX-lea. argumentul pentru ziua de opt ore se baza pe necesitatea ca fiecare persoana sa aiba opt ore de munca, opt ore de recreere si opt ore de odihna. Pe langa modificarea timpului de munca, acestia au cerut o plata corecta a muncii prestate, incetarea folosirii copiilor ca muncitori si dreptul de a se organiza in sindicate.
In perioada revolutiei industriale, multe dintre locurile de munca erau dificile si periculoase pentru muncitori. Oamenii lucrau timp de 12 ore, sase zile pe saptamana fara beneficii salariale, cum ar fi vacante, asistenta medicala si pensii. Munca copiilor era de asemenea la ordinea zilei, copii de 10-15 ani fiind fortati sa munceasca din greu in locuri cu munca extrem de dificila si periculoasa, cum ar fi minele de carbune si fabricile, pline de masini industriale periculoase.
Miscarea pentru timpul de lucru de opt ore a inceput dupa Razboiul Civil din statele Unite. acesta a fost un obiectiv major al National Labor Union (Uniunea Nationala a Muncii), al carui prim congres a avut loc in anul 1866. Prin 1868, congresul si sase state au adoptat o lege de modificare a timpului zilnic de lucru de opt ore. In 1884, National Federation of Organized trades si Labor assemblies au decis sa declanseze o greva generala in data de 1 mai 1886, pentru a impune cererile lor angajatorilor. Greva a fost marcata de un incident violent in piata Haymarket, care a condus la moartea catorva politisti si muncitori din Chicago. Patru membrii ai Uniunii au fost, de asemenea, ucisi in acest incident. Dupa aceea, numeroase grupuri ale muncitorilor si grupuri politice din intreaga lume au inceput sa comemoreze evenimentele din piata Haymarket din 1 mai, iar aceasta zi a devenit cunoscuta ca Ziua internationala a Muncitorilor. In 1894, Presedintele Grover Cleveland a semnat Legea cu privire la Ziua Muncii, ca vacanta federala in america.
In multe tari, ziua din 1 mai a fost instituita ca zi libera prin presiunea sindicatelor, sustinute de partidele socialiste. Cu toate acestea, in Germania, aceste eforturi s-au dovedit a fi neputincioase. in 1933 totusi, ea a fost instituita de catre Hitler ca un dar facut populatiei si a fost urmata, aproape ironic, de abolirea sindicatelor. In Regatul Unit, in 1978 a fost infiintata ca bank holiday dedicata unei zile de sarbatoare a sindicatelor, dar are loc in prima zi de luni din luna mai, pentru a minimiza daunele aduse afacerilor.
In tarile comuniste, ziua de 1 mai a fost transformata intr-o adevarata sarbatoare de stat, insotita de manifestari propagandistice. Uriasele defilari de 1 mai reprezentau (la nivel declarativ) sarbatorirea muncitorilor si celebrarea idealurilor unei internationale de muncitori.
In Romania, aceasta zi a fost sarbatorita pentru prima data de catre miscarea socialista in 1890, iar in perioada comunista, regimul de la Bucuresti organiza de 1 mai manifestatii uriase in care erau adusi mii si mii de muncitori din intreaga tara. Cei care au prin acele vremuri isi amintesc pancartele uriase si lozincile scandate in defilare. in final insa, ziua de 1 mai era vazuta ca o sarbatoare si toata lumea o petrecea, ca si astazi, la iarba verde si la odihna.
Dupa 1990 importanta zilei a fost minimalizata, dar oamenii se bucura si astazi de aceasta zi petrecand alaturi de familie in aer liber, la mare sau la munte.
Poate ca pentru multi dintre noi ziua de 1 mai si-a pierdut semnificatia si ar fi bine, ca macar o data de an, sa ne amintim de conditiile extrem de grele in care lucrau oamenii altadata si sa fim recunoscatori pentru conditiile de munca de astazi. Acest site web foloseste cookie-uri pentru a va imbunatati experienta in timp ce navigati pe site. Dintre aceste cookie-uri, cookie-urile care sunt clasificate ca fiind necesare sunt stocate in browser-ul dumneavoastra, deoarece sunt esentiale pentru functionarea functionalitatilor de baza ale site-ului web. De asemenea, folosim cookie-uri de la terti care ne ajuta sa analizam si sa intelegem cum utilizati acest site web. Aceste cookie-uri vor fi stocate in browser-ul dumneavoastra numai cu acordul dumneavoastra. De asemenea, aveti optiunea de a renunta la aceste cookie-uri. Dar renuntarea la unele dintre aceste cookie-uri poate avea un efect asupra experientei dvs. de navigare.
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